Textile Basic Knowledge

1. Mafomu ekuverenga anowanzo shandiswa emachira anogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: yakatarwa urefu hwekuverenga fomula uye yakagadziriswa uremu calculation formula.

1. Kuverengera formula yeyakagadziriswa kureba system:

(1) Danieri (D): D = g/L*9000 apo G huremu hweshinda yesirika (g), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (m)

(2) Tex (H)]: tex = g/L*1000 apo G huremu (g) ​​hweshinda (kana sirika) uye L hurefu (m) hweshinda (kana sirika).

(3) dtex: dtex = g/L*9000 apo G huremu hweshinda yesirika (g), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (m)

2. Kuverengera mafomula eiyo yakatarwa-huremu system:

(1) Metric count (N): N = L/G apo G huremu (g) ​​hweshinda (kana sirika) uye L hurefu (m) hweshinda (kana sirika).

(2) Nhamba yeBritish Branches (S): S = L/(G*840), apo G ndiko kurema kweshinda yesiririka (pound), L ndiko kureba kweshinda yesirika (code)

2. Shanduko fomula yekusarudza yuniti yemucheka:

(1) Shanduko formula yemetric expenditure (N) naDaniel (D): D = 9000/N

(2) Mafomu eshanduko eBritish Branches (S) naDanieri (D): D = 5315/S

(3) Shanduko formula ye dtex uye tex: 1tex = 10dtex

(4) Shanduko fomula yeTex naDaniel (D): Tex=D/9

(5) Shanduko yekushandura pakati peTex neBritish kuverenga (S): tex = K/SK kukosha: yakachena shinda yekotoni K = 583.1 faibha yakanatswa K = 590.5 Polyester shinda yedonje K = 587.6 shinda yekotoni viscose (75:25) K = 584.8 dimensional donje yeshinda (50:50) K = 587.0

(6), Tex uye metric nhamba (N) shanduko yeformula: tex = 1000/N

(7) Shanduko formula ye dtex naDaniel (D): dtex = 10D/9

(8) Shanduko yekushandura pakati pedtex neBritish count (S): dtex = 10K/SK kukosha: shinda yakachena yekotoni K = 583.1 yakacheneswa fiber K = 590.5 polyester donje weshinda K = 587.6 donje viscose warn (75:25) K = 584.8 dimensional shinda yedonje (50:50) K = 587.0

(9) Shanduko mafomula e dtex uye metric expenditure (N): dtex = 10000/N

Shanduko mafomula e (10), metric centimeter (cm) uye inch: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

Shanduko mafomula emetric metre (M) neBritish kodhi (yd): 1 kodhi = 0.9144 metres

(12) Shanduko formula yeg/m2 uye m/m yesirika nesatin: 1m/m=4.3056g/m2

(13) Shanduko yeshanduko yehuremu chaihwo uye huremu hwesirika nesatin: LB = uremu hwesirika pamamita (g/m) * 0.9144 (m/yd) * 50 (yd)/453.6 (g/yd)

3. Nzira dzekuona:

1. Ruoko-kunzwa kuyera kuyerwa: Iyi nzira yakakodzera kune machira mbishi zvinhu muhuwandu hwakawanda.

(1) Mafiibha edonje mapfupi uye akatsetseka kudarika ramie faibha uye mamwe tambo dzetekinoroji neshinda dzemakushe, kazhinji dzine tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana uye hurema.

(2) Iyo hemp fiber inonzwa yakaoma uye yakaoma.

(3) Faibha dzemakushe dzakamonana uye dzakararuka.

(4) Sirika ishinda, yakareba uye yakatetepa, ine kupenya kunokosha.

(5) Mumakemikari fibers, chete viscose fibers inosiyana zvakanyanya mukuoma uye kunyorova simba.

(6) Polyurethane filament ine elasticity yakakura, uye kureba kwayo kunogona kutambanudzwa kusvika kanopfuura kashanu patembiricha yekamuri.

2. Microscopic observation method: Inobva pakureba uye kuyambuka-sectional morphological maitiro efibers kuti aone mafibhi.

(1) Faibha dzedonje: chimiro chakachinjika: chiuno chakaurungana, chine chiuno chepakati; vertical shape: flat ribhoni, ine natural bending.

(2) Hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fibers: cross-sectional form: chiuno chakatenderera kana polygonal, ine mhango; longitudinal fomu: ine muchinjiko-chikamu, mitsetse yakatwasuka.

(3) Faibha yemvere: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: chakatenderera kana chakada kutenderera, mamwe aine pith yemvere; longitudinal form: nzvimbo ine zvikero.

(4) Tsuro shinda dzebvudzi: cross-sectional morphology: dumbbell type, ine pith ine mvere; longitudinal morphology: ine zvikero pamusoro.

(5) Mulberry silk fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular triangle; longitudinal shape: yakatsetseka uye yakatwasuka, yakareba mitsetse.

(6) Ordinary viscose fibers: cross-sectional form: serrated, skin-core structure; longitudinal fomu: longitudinal groove.

(7) Simba-rakapfuma fiber: chimiro chemuchinjikwa: mazino mashoma, kana kuti denderedzwa, elliptical; longitudinal fomu: yakatsetseka pamusoro.

(8) Acetate fibers: cross-sectional form: trilobal kana irregular serrated; longitudinal fomu: pamusoro netambo dzelongitudinal.

(9) Acrylic fiber: cross-sectional shape: denderedzwa, dumbbell kana shizha; longitudinal shape: nzvimbo yakatsetseka kana ine mitsetse.

(10) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: cross-sectional shape: pedyo nedenderedzwa; longitudinal shape: nzvimbo yakatsetseka.

(11) Spandex fiber: muchinjika-chikamu chimiro: chimiro chisina kujairika, denderedzwa, mbatatisi-yakaumbwa; longitudinal shape: nzvimbo ine rima, inoratidza mitsetse yebhonzo isina kujeka.

(12) Polyester, nylon uye polypropylene fibers: cross-sectional shape: yakapoteredza kana isina kukwana; longitudinal shape: yakatsetseka.

(13) Vinylon fiber: cross-sectional shape: chiuno chedenderedzwa, ganda-core structure; longitudinal chimiro: 1-2 grooves.

3. Density gradient nzira: Inobva pane maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzine density dzakasiyana kuti uone mafibhi.

(1) Iyo xylene kabhoni tetrachloride sisitimu inowanzo sarudzirwa kugadzirwa kwe density gradient fluid.

(2) Calibration ye density gradient chubhu inowanzoitwa nechaiyo sphere nzira.

(3) Kuyera uye kuverenga, kubvisa, kuomesa uye kubvisa furo pretreatment yefiber dzinofanirwa kuyerwa, kuita kuti mapellets aenzane, uye kuyera kuwanda kwemafibhi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekumiswa kwefiber.

4. Nzira yeFluorescence: Mwenje weUltraviolet fluorescent unoshandiswa kujekesa fiber. Iwo mafibhi anoonekwa zvichienderana neavo akasiyana efluorescent zvimiro uye akasiyana fluorescent mavara.

Iwo mavara efluorescent emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anoratidzwa zvakadzama:

(1) Faibha dzedonje nemvere dzemakwai: dzakareruka yeyero

(2) Mercerized cotton fiber: chiedza chitsvuku

(3) Jute fiber: yepepuru-brown

(4) Jute, sirika uye nyundo dzenaironi: bhuruu

(5) Viscose Fiber: White Purple Shadow

(6) Chiedza che viscose fibers: yakacheneruka yero yepepuru mimvuri

(7) Polyester fibers: chiedza chichena, denga rebhuruu uye rakajeka

(8) Vinylon ine optical fiber dimension: chiedza yeyero yepepuru mumvuri.

5. Nzira yekupisa: Maererano nekemikari yakasiyana-siyana yefibers, maitiro ekupisa anosiyanawo, saka anenge achironga mhando huru dzefiber.

Mamiriro ekupisa emafiber akati wandei anosiyaniswa uye anoenzaniswa seanotevera:

(1) Cotton, hemp, viscose uye mhangura-ammonia fibers: pedyo nemurazvo: isina-kuderera uye isinganyunguduki; kubata murazvo: kukurumidza kupisa; kusiya murazvo: kuramba uchipfuta; kunhuwa: kunhuwa kwepepa rinopisa; zvakasara maitiro: zvishoma zvishoma zvegrey-dema kana grey-white ash.

(2) Sirika neshinda dzemvere: pedyo nemurazvo: kupeta nekunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: curl, nyunguduka, kupisa; kusiya murazvo: kunonoka kupisa dzimwe nguva kuzvidzima; kunhuhwirira: kunhuwa kwebvudzi rinopisa; zvakasara hunhu: yakasununguka uye brittle dema zvimedu kana coke-like.

(3) Polyester fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kusvuta, kunonoka kupisa; kusiya murazvo: ramba uchipisa, dzimwe nguva uchizvidzima; kunhuhwirira: kunhuhwirira kunokosha uye kutapira; zvakasara maitiro: mabhora matema akaoma.

(4) fiber naironi: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kusvuta; kusiya murazvo: kuzvidzima; kunhuwa: amino kunhuhwirira; zvisaririra maitiro: yakaoma yakacheneruka shava transparent bhora.

(5) Acrylic fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kusvuta; siya murazvo: ramba uchipisa, kusvuta; kunhuwa: pungent; zvisaririra hunhu: dema risingaenzaniswi bead, fragile.

(6) Polypropylene fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kupisa; kusiya murazvo: kuramba uchipfuta; kunhuwa: kunhuhwirira kweparafini; zvisaririra hunhu: grey-white hard transparent balls.

(7) Spandex fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kupisa; kusiya murazvo: kuzvidzima; kunhuwa: kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana; zvakasara maitiro: chena gelatinous.

(8) Polyvinyl chloride fibers: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kupisa, kusvuta; kusiya murazvo: kuzvidzima; kunhuwa: kunhuwa kunopinza; zvakasara maitiro: rima dema bundu.

(9) Vinylon fiber: pedyo nemurazvo: kunyunguduka; kusangana nemoto: kunyunguduka, kupisa; kusiya murazvo: ramba uchipisa, uchiputa; kunhuhwirira: kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana; zvakasara maitiro: irregular brown bundu.