Nylon, izita resainzi ndi polyamidefibre.Ndiyo yekutanga pasirese faibha mhando dzakasiyana, nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanakisa, hupfumi hwezviwanikwa, hwave kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Nylon ndiye musayendisiti akatanhamara weUnited States Carothers uye pasi pehutungamiriri hwechikwata chetsvakiridzo chesainzi chakagadzirwa, ndiyo yekutanga pasirese fiber fiber. Kutaridzika kwenylon kunoita kuti micheka itaridzike nyowani, kuumbwa kwayo ndiko kubudirira kukuru muindasitiri yekugadzira fiber, asiwo chiitiko chakakosha mumakemikari epolymer.

Muna 1935, iyo polima yakagadzirwa neadipic acid uye adipic diamine semidziyo. Nekuti zvikamu zviviri izvi zvese zvaive ne6 maatomu ecarbon, yainzi polymer 66 panguva iyoyo. Akanyungudusa polymer ndokuitsikirira netsono yejekiseni, achiitambanudza pasi petension achiidaidza kuti fiber. Iyi fiber ndeye polyamide 66 faibha, yakanzi Nylon mushure mekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri muna 1939, ndiyo yekutanga kugadzira faibha dzakasiyana siyana kuona maindasitiri.

Kubva apa kunobva zita rokuti naironi. Iyo naironi yakagadzirwa nelactam ring-kuvhura inonzi nylon. Semuenzaniso, PA6 inowanikwa ne-ring-opening polymerization yecaprolactam. Iyo polymer yakawanikwa kubva mukudonhedzwa kwe dibasic acid uye dibasic amine inonzi nylon mn, apo m inomiririra huwandu hweatomu kabhoni muchikamu chikuru chedibasic amine, uye n inomiririra huwandu hweatomu kabhoni muchikamu chikuru chetani. dibasic acid. Semuenzaniso, PA610 inowanikwa kubva mukugadziriswa kwe sebacic acid uye adipdiamine. Inoratidzwa nechidimbu chekudzokorora diamine kana diacid, yakadai sem-benzodimethylamine inonzi MXDA, saka iyo polymer ye m-benzodimethylamine uye adipic acid inonzi nylon MXD6.

Zvakanakira naironi

Simba rakasimba, kunaka kupfeka kusagadzikana, yekutanga pakati pese fibers. Kuramba kwayo kupfeka ndeye 10 nguva yekotoni fiber, 10 nguva iyo yakaoma viscose fiber uye 140 nguva yeyakanyorova fiber. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusimba kwayo kwakanakisa.

Iyo elasticity uye kusimba kwejira renaironi yakanaka kwazvo, asi iri nyore kukanganisa pasi pesimba diki rekunze, saka jira riri nyore kuunyana mukupfeka.

Kupinza mhepo kusina kunaka, nyore kugadzira magetsi akamira.

Iyo hygroscopic pfuma yejira renaironi iri nani rakasiyana mune yekugadzira fiber jira, saka zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nenylon zvinonyanya kugadzikana kupfuura zvipfeko zvepolyester.

Iine kupikisa kwakanaka kune cavities uye corrosion.

Kupisa kwekudzivirira uye kusimba kwechiedza hakuna kukwana, tembiricha ye ironing inofanira kudzorwa pasi pe140 ℃. Ngwarira kushambidza nekugadzirisa mamiriro ekupfeka, kuitira kuti usakuvadza jira.

Nylon jira jira rakareruka, rinongonyorwa mumucheka wefiber yakagadzirwa mushure me polypropylene, acrylic machira, saka, akakodzera zvipfeko zvekukwira makomo, zvipfeko zvechando.

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwenylon

Kushandiswa kwayo kukuru kunogona kukamurwa kuita nzvimbo nhatu: zvipfeko uye zvipfeko, maindasitiri uye ekushongedza makapeti:

Nguo fiber

Nylon inogona kurukwa kuita machira akachena kana kushandiswa sembatya yekurukwa, yakarukwa uye machira akarukwa mushure mekurapa senge deformation uye flexing.nylon inogona kurukwa kuita jira rakachena, kana inogona kugadzirwa. change shinda yenylon fdy,naironi dty yarn,naironi spandex shinda yakavharwa andnylon industrial warnafter iri kuremara nekugonya, etc. Inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosanganisa machira akarukwa, akarukwa uye akarukwa.

Industrial fiber

Iine yakanyanya kunyorova uye yakaoma simba uye corrosion kuramba, chinhu chakanakira kugadzira maindasitiri machira ekudhinda uye bepa rinonzwika.

Nylon cord tire inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira mota. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emachira etambo, nekuda kwesimba rawo rakakwirira, kureba uye kuputsa basa, saka

Dzinokwanisa kumira nekumhanya uye kurema kwemota dziri kumhanya zvakanyanya. Yakaedzwa zvinhu zvitatu izvi uye nzvimbo isina kuenzana yemugwagwa haigone kukonzera kuputika kwetai.

Inogara kwenguva refu, yakapfava uye isingaremi, uye inogona kushandiswa mukubata hove, tambo uye mambure ekuchengetedza.

Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri, senge mabhandi ekutyaira, hosi dzemoto, shinda yekusona, mabhandi ekuchengetedza uye parachute.

Carpet fiber

Huwandu hwenaironi hunoshandiswa mumakapeti huri kuwedzera gore negore. Kunyanya nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva, naironi ine mabasa akakosha, senge antistatic uye flame retardant. Mukuwedzera, brigade

Kushanya nekushanyirwa kwedzimba kwakonzerawo kuwedzera kwemakapeti fiber. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidzira kugadzirwa kwenylon yakawanda filament, nzvimbo yakakura yekapeti yekuvhara yakazara inonyanya kugadzirwa nenylon tufted carpet, ine masitaera akasiyana uye tarisiro yakakura yebudiriro.

1.Naironi 6 (PA6)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide6 kana Nylon6, PA6 kwenguva pfupi; Nylon 6, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 6, kureva polycaprolactam, kubva kucaprolactam ring-opening condensation.

Translucent kana opaque opalescent resin, ine yepamusoro michina zvivakwa, kuomarara, kuomarara, kupfeka kuramba uye mechanical shock absorption, yakanaka insulation uye makemikari kuramba. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemotokari, zvemagetsi, zvemagetsi nemamwe minda.

2.Naironi 66 (PA66)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide66 kana Nylon6; PA66 kwenguva pfupi; Nylon 66, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 66, kureva polyadipylhexediamine.

Kuenzaniswa nenylon 6, simba rayo remuchina, kuomarara, kupisa uye kupfeka kuramba, kukambaira kuramba kuri nani, asi simba rekuita uye mechanical shock absorption performance yakadzikira. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, UAV, zvemagetsi nemagetsi.

3.Naironi 1010 (PA1010)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide1010; Nylon1010; PA1010 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 1010, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 1010, kureva, poly maleyl malediamine.

Nylon 1010 inogadzirwa kubva kumafuta ecastor, iyo yakatanga kuvandudzwa uye kugadzirwa neShanghai celluloid Factory. Chimiro chayo chikuru ndechekuti ine yakakwira ductility, inogona kutambanudzwa kusvika 3 ~ 4 nguva yehurefu hwepakutanga, uye yakakwira kusimba kwesimba, kubata uye kuderera tembiricha yakanakisa, haina brittle pa -60 ℃, uye ine yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, ultra- kusimba kwepamusoro uye kumira kwakanaka kwemafuta, kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, tambo, optical tambo, simbi kana tambo yekumusoro coating.

4.Naironi 610 (PA610)

Poly[Imino-1,6-hexanediylimino(1,10-dioxo-1,10-decanediyl)]; Polyamide 610; Nylon 610; PA610 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 610, inozivikanwawo se polyamide 610, kureva, poly kwai dihexamediamine.

Chichena chine mukaka. Simba rayo riri pakati pe nylon 6 uye nylon 66. Chikamu chiduku, crystallinity yakaderera, kunyura kwemvura yakadzika, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwechimiro, kupikisa kupfeka kwakanaka, kuzvidzima. Inoshandiswa kune chaiyo epurasitiki zvishongedzo, mapaipi emafuta, midziyo, tambo, mabhandi ekutakurisa, mabhengi, machira emuchina zvikamu, zvemagetsi nemagetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu uye magomba emidziyo, nezvimwe.

5.Naironi 612 (PA612)

Polyhexamethylene dodecanamide; Polyamide 612; Nylon 612; PA612 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 612, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 612, kureva polydodecanylhexediamine.

Nylon 612 imhando yenylon ine kusimba kwakanaka, kushoma density pane 610, yakadzika kwazvo kunyudza mvura, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, diki kuumba shrinkage, hydrolysis kuramba uye dimensional kugadzikana. Iyo inonyanya kukosha kushandiswa ndeyekuita yepamusoro-grade mazino monofilament uye cable coating.

6. Nylon 11 (PA11)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide11 kana Nylon11; PA11 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 11, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 11, kureva polyundeclatam.

Muviri wewhite semi-transparent body. Hunhu hwayo hwakatanhamara hwakadzikira kunyungudika tembiricha uye yakafara kugadzirisa tembiricha, kunyura kwemvura yakadzika, yakanaka yakaderera tembiricha kuita, inogona kuchengetedzwa mu -40 ℃ ~ 120 ℃ yakanaka kuchinjika. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari yemafuta pombi, brake system hose, fiber optic cable coating, firimu rekurongedza, zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, nezvimwe.

7.Naironi 12 (PA12)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide12 kana Nylon12; PA12 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 12, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 12, kureva, polydodecamide.

Yakafanana nenaironi 11 asi ine density yakaderera, panonyungudika uye kunyura kwemvura pane naironi 11. Nekuti ine huwandu hukuru hwekuomesa, ine midziyo yekubatanidza polyamide ne polyolefin. Hunhu hwayo hwakatanhamara hukuru hwekuora tembiricha, kunyura kwemvura yakaderera uye yakanaka yakaderera tembiricha kuramba. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari yemafuta pombi, chiridzwa pani, accelerator pedal, brake hose, zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi muffler zvikamu, cable sheath.

8.Naironi 46 (PA46)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide46 kana Nylon46; Iyo PA46 kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 46, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 46, kureva polyadipylbutylenediamine.

Hunhu hwayo hwakatanhamara ndeyepamusoro crystallinity, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, yakakwirira rigidity, yakakwirira simba. Inonyanya kushandiswa injini yemotokari uye zvinhu zvekutenderera, senge cylinder musoro, cylinder base, mafuta chisimbiso chivharo, kutapurirana. Muindasitiri yemagetsi, inoshandiswa secontactor, socket, coil skeleton, switch uye mamwe minda inoda kupisa kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuneta simba.

9.Nylon 6T (PA6T)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide6T kana Nylon6T; PA6T kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 6T, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide 6T, kureva polyp-benzoylhexediamine.

Hunhu hwayo hwakatanhamara hukuru hwekupisa tembiricha (inonyungudika i370 ℃, tembiricha yegirazi i180 ℃, inogona kushandiswa pa200 ℃ kwenguva yakareba), simba repamusoro, saizi yakagadzikana, yakanaka welding kuramba inoita PA6T inonyanya kukodzera tekinoroji yekunamatira (SMT). ) zvibatanidza zvemagetsi. Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari, chivharo chepombi yemafuta, sefa yemhepo, zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kupisa senge wiring harness, fuse uye zvichingodaro.

10. Nylon 9T (PA9T)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide9T kana Nylon9T; PA9T kwenguva pfupi. Nylon -9T, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide -9T, kureva polyp-benzoylnonenediamine.

Hunhu hwayo hwakatanhamara ndeiyi: kunyura kwemvura kudiki, chiyero chemvura che 0.17%; Yakanaka kupisa kuramba (kunyungudika 308 ℃, tembiricha yegirazi 126 ℃), tembiricha yayo yekubatira inosvika 290 ℃. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi, magetsi, ruzivo rwemidziyo uye zvikamu zvemotokari.

11.Zita reChirungu: Polyamide10T kana Nylon10T; PA10T kwenguva pfupi. Nylon 10T, polyamide 10T, kureva, polyp-benzoyl decanediamine.

Hunhu hwayo hukuru hwakanyanya kuderera hygroscopicity, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, kusimba kwakanyanya, kuomarara uye kugadzikana kwedimensional, yakanaka fluidity uye machining kuita, kupenya kuri nyore, simba rakakura welding fusion mutsara, kunyungudika kusvika 300 ~ 316 ℃, density ye1.42g/cm3 . PA10T ine benzene mhete uye refu inochinjika refu cheni yediamine, iyo inoita kuti macromolecule ive nehumwe dhigirii rekuchinja, uye nekudaro ine yakakwira crystallization rate uye crystallinity, iyo inokodzera kukurumidza prototyping. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu LED inoratidzira bracket, mota yekupedzisira chivharo, brashi bracket, giya uye zvichingodaro.

12. Naironi inoonekera (semi-aromatic naironi)

polytrimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide; transparent polyamide resin; transparent polyamide resin; Transparent nylon is an amorphous polyamide, zita remakemikari: polyp-benzoyltrimethylhexediamine.

Kufambiswa kwechiedza chinooneka kunosvika 85% ~ 90%. Inogona kuvharidzira crystallization yenylon nekuwedzera zvikamu zvine copolymerization uye stereoscopic zvipingamupinyi, zvichiita kuti isiri-crystalline uye yakaoma-crystallized chimiro, iyo inochengetedza simba rekutanga uye kuoma kwenylon, uye kuwana zvinhu zvakajeka zvemadziro emadziro. Iyo mechanical properties, magetsi emagetsi, simba remagetsi uye kuoma kwenylon inoonekera zvakada kufanana nePC uye polysulfone.

13. Nylon 1414 (PA1414)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide1414; Kevlar. Nylon1414. Iyo PA1414 kwenguva pfupi. Polyphthalamide. Polyphthalamide.

Iyo molekyuli inonyanya kuumbwa neyakaomarara benzene mhete, yeiyo yakakwira rigidity polymer, chimiro chayo chemolecular ine yakakwira dhigirii yekuyanana uye kugara, kune yakasimba hydrogen bond pakati pemacheni mahombe emolecular, kuitira kuti iyo polymer ive nesimba rakakura, yakakwira modulus. , kupikisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kuderera, kuderera kwekushisa kwekushisa, kugadzikana kwakanaka uye humwe hunhu, hunogona kugadzirwa kuva simba guru, high modulus fiber.

14.Nylon 1313 (Aramid 1313)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide1313; Nomex; Nylon1313; Yepfupi PA1313. M-benzoyl chloride uye m-benzoenediamine zvakawanikwa kuburikidza ne condensation polymerization yemamonomers.

Nomex ine mechanical properties uye kupisa kupisa kwakanyanya kudarika aliphatic PA (semucheka wefiber, hupenyu huri 8 nguva yealiphatic PA fiber cloth, 20 nguva iyo yemucheka wekotoni), kukwegura kwakanaka kwekupisa (kupikisa kwepamusoro uye kuramba kwevhoriyamu kunoramba kusina kuchinja shure kuchembera kwemafuta pa250 ℃ kwe2000h), uye inogona kuramba ichichengetedza zvinhu zvemagetsi zvakanaka pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro kana nharaunda ine mwando. Inonyanya kushandiswa kuH kirasi magetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu uye kugadzirira kwepamusoro pekuita fiber (HT-1 fiber).

15. Nylon 56 (PA56)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide56 kana Nylon56; Muchidimbu: PA56. Nylon 56 inonzi polycondensation ye glutenediamine uye adipic acid, iyo inogona kutorwa kubva kune zvakasikwa zvipenyu.

Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuita kwakanaka, kunogona kuvandudza kunyaradzwa kwejira rekupedzisira. Mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura, tembiricha yekuchinja kwegirazi, simba, kupfava, kunyudza hunyoro, kusimba kuri nani pane nylon 6, nylon 66, polyester chikamu chezvigadzirwa.

16. Nylon 1212 (PA1212)

Zita reChirungu: Polyamide1212; Nylon1212; PA1212 kwenguva pfupi. Inowanikwa ne polycondensation yegumi nembiri diamine uye gumi nemaviri diacid.

PA1212 ine yakaderera mvura yekunyudza mwero munylon, yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, yakanaka mafuta kuramba, alkali kuramba, kupfeka kuramba, makemikari kuramba, kujeka kwakanaka, uye kusimba kwakanyanya pakudziya kwakaderera. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, mota, machira, chiridzwa, midziyo yekurapa uye zvichingodaro.